文章信息

原名：Long-term manuring enhances soil gross nitrogen mineralization and ammonium immobilization in subtropical area

译名：长期施肥可提高亚热带地区土壤总氮矿化度和氮转化水平

期刊：Science of The Total Environment

2022年影响因子：6.6

5年影响因子：6.7

在线发表时间：2023.6.1

通讯作者：张文菊

第一单位：中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所

文章亮点

长期施用粪肥可显著提高氮矿化率和氮素固定化率，降低总硝化率。

粪肥添加剂通过增加土壤中氮获取酶的活性和降低微生物的氮利用效率促进了氮的总矿化。

粪肥处理中氮素固定化率的增加主要是由于微生物生物量的增加，从而导致氮素可用性和总硝化率的降低。

粪肥添加剂大大降低了总硝化率与氮素固定率的比率，可能会降低氮损失的风险，从而促进土壤中的氮储存。

01研究背景

土壤氮素供应与作物生长发育密切相关。土壤有机氮的解聚过程是控制土壤氮转化的限速步骤。近年来，越来越多研究发现微生物氮利用效率可能在土壤氮的供应上发挥重要作用。长期施肥会引起土壤理化性状和微生物群落结构的变化，进而调控微生物氮利用效率及相关氮转化过程。然而，目前关于土壤氮素转化过程对长期施肥管理的响应机制尚不明晰。

02研究方案

依托国家土壤质量祁阳和进贤观测实验站的旱作红壤长期定位试验，借助¹⁵N和¹⁸O同位素示踪技术，解析施用化肥和有机肥处理下土壤初级氮矿化、铵固持和硝化速率的差异机制。

03研究结果

研究结果表明，与施用化肥相比，单施或配施有机肥提高了初级氮矿化速率4.55-8.31倍、铵固持速率7.35-11.34倍，初级硝化速率降低了38-55%。施用有机肥缓解了土壤-微生物碳氮计量不平衡，增加了氮解聚酶活性并降低了微生物氮利用效率，促进土壤氮的矿化。

Fig. 1. Gross rates of soil N mineralization (a), NH4  immobilization (b) and nitrification (c) in soils subjected to long-term fertilization regimes at Jinxian and Qiyang sites, and the relationships among these gross N transformation rates (d). Significant differences are indicated by different letters (P < 0.05). Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3 for Jinxian, n = 4 for Qiyang). CK, no fertilizer; CF, chemical fertilizers; CM, chemical fertilizers plus manure; MA, manure alone. 

Fig. 2. Changes in soil N-acquiring enzyme activity (a), microbial N use efficiency (NUE, b), microbial biomass N (MBN, c), bacterial abundance (d) and abundances of AOA (e) and AOB (f). Soil N-acquiring enzyme activity was expressed as the geometric mean of the β-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase. Significant differences are indicated by different letters (P < 0.05). Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3 for Jinxian, n = 4 for Qiyang). CK, no fertilizer; CF, chemical fertilizers; CM, chemical fertilizers plus manure; MA, manure alone.

Fig. 3. Relationships between gross N mineralization rate and N-acquiring enzyme activity (a) and microbial N use efficiency (NUE, b), between gross NH4   immobilization rate and microbial biomass N (MBN, c) and bacterial abundance (d), and between gross nitrification rate and abundances of AOA (e) and AOB (f).

Fig. 4. Effects of manure input on gross N mineralization (a), NH4  immobilization (b) and nitrification (c) rates, and the standardized total effects of soil and microbial properties on gross rates of N mineralization (d), NH4  immobilization (e) and nitrification (f). Numbers beside arrows denote standardized path coefficients. Significanes indicated with *, **, and *** at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively. Blue, red and grey arrows indicate positive, negative and nonsignificant relationships, respectively. The C:N imbalance is indicated by the ratio of labile recouce C:N to microbial biomass C:N. GoF, goodness of fit.

Fig. 5.Schematic illustration of soil N transformations after long-term chemical 

fertilizers and manure application. The symbols of “ ” and “− ” in the circle indicate stimulatory and inhibitory effects, respectively. TN, total N; Microbial NUE, microbial N use efficiency. 

03研究结论

有机肥施用通过提高微生物生物量促进铵固持，降低了铵的可利用性，从而减缓了硝化过程。相关研究结果揭示了施肥管理调控土壤氮素供应与损失过程的途径，为优化农田氮肥管理提供理论支撑。

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108439

文章信息

原名：Long-term manuring enhances soil gross nitrogen mineralization and ammonium immobilization in subtropical area

译名：长期施肥可提高亚热带地区土壤总氮矿化度和氮转化水平

期刊：Science of The Total Environment

2022年影响因子：6.6

5年影响因子：6.7

在线发表时间：2023.6.1

通讯作者：张文菊

第一单位：中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所

文章亮点

长期施用粪肥可显著提高氮矿化率和氮素固定化率，降低总硝化率。

粪肥添加剂通过增加土壤中氮获取酶的活性和降低微生物的氮利用效率促进了氮的总矿化。

粪肥处理中氮素固定化率的增加主要是由于微生物生物量的增加，从而导致氮素可用性和总硝化率的降低。

粪肥添加剂大大降低了总硝化率与氮素固定率的比率，可能会降低氮损失的风险，从而促进土壤中的氮储存。

01研究背景

土壤氮素供应与作物生长发育密切相关。土壤有机氮的解聚过程是控制土壤氮转化的限速步骤。近年来，越来越多研究发现微生物氮利用效率可能在土壤氮的供应上发挥重要作用。长期施肥会引起土壤理化性状和微生物群落结构的变化，进而调控微生物氮利用效率及相关氮转化过程。然而，目前关于土壤氮素转化过程对长期施肥管理的响应机制尚不明晰。

02研究方案

依托国家土壤质量祁阳和进贤观测实验站的旱作红壤长期定位试验，借助¹⁵N和¹⁸O同位素示踪技术，解析施用化肥和有机肥处理下土壤初级氮矿化、铵固持和硝化速率的差异机制。

03研究结果

研究结果表明，与施用化肥相比，单施或配施有机肥提高了初级氮矿化速率4.55-8.31倍、铵固持速率7.35-11.34倍，初级硝化速率降低了38-55%。施用有机肥缓解了土壤-微生物碳氮计量不平衡，增加了氮解聚酶活性并降低了微生物氮利用效率，促进土壤氮的矿化。

Fig. 1. Gross rates of soil N mineralization (a), NH4  immobilization (b) and nitrification (c) in soils subjected to long-term fertilization regimes at Jinxian and Qiyang sites, and the relationships among these gross N transformation rates (d). Significant differences are indicated by different letters (P < 0.05). Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3 for Jinxian, n = 4 for Qiyang). CK, no fertilizer; CF, chemical fertilizers; CM, chemical fertilizers plus manure; MA, manure alone. 

Fig. 2. Changes in soil N-acquiring enzyme activity (a), microbial N use efficiency (NUE, b), microbial biomass N (MBN, c), bacterial abundance (d) and abundances of AOA (e) and AOB (f). Soil N-acquiring enzyme activity was expressed as the geometric mean of the β-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase. Significant differences are indicated by different letters (P < 0.05). Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3 for Jinxian, n = 4 for Qiyang). CK, no fertilizer; CF, chemical fertilizers; CM, chemical fertilizers plus manure; MA, manure alone.

Fig. 3. Relationships between gross N mineralization rate and N-acquiring enzyme activity (a) and microbial N use efficiency (NUE, b), between gross NH4   immobilization rate and microbial biomass N (MBN, c) and bacterial abundance (d), and between gross nitrification rate and abundances of AOA (e) and AOB (f).

Fig. 4. Effects of manure input on gross N mineralization (a), NH4  immobilization (b) and nitrification (c) rates, and the standardized total effects of soil and microbial properties on gross rates of N mineralization (d), NH4  immobilization (e) and nitrification (f). Numbers beside arrows denote standardized path coefficients. Significanes indicated with *, **, and *** at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively. Blue, red and grey arrows indicate positive, negative and nonsignificant relationships, respectively. The C:N imbalance is indicated by the ratio of labile recouce C:N to microbial biomass C:N. GoF, goodness of fit.

Fig. 5.Schematic illustration of soil N transformations after long-term chemical 

fertilizers and manure application. The symbols of “ ” and “− ” in the circle indicate stimulatory and inhibitory effects, respectively. TN, total N; Microbial NUE, microbial N use efficiency. 

03研究结论

有机肥施用通过提高微生物生物量促进铵固持，降低了铵的可利用性，从而减缓了硝化过程。相关研究结果揭示了施肥管理调控土壤氮素供应与损失过程的途径，为优化农田氮肥管理提供理论支撑。

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108439